https://kolektifkuma.com/fr fr https://kolektifkuma.com/fr/thematique/histoire/manuscrits-de-tombouctou <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--blog.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Manuscrits de tombouctou </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-images--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-images.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-images.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-images field--type-image field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/details_articles/public/2021-01/images.jpeg-4.jpg?itok=H41jc_JR" width="700" height="351" alt="Manuscrits " /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--blog.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>patrice</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--blog.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Sun, 01/10/2021 - 07:16</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--blog.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'progressive_shortcodes_video' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/custom/progressive_shortcodes/templates/progressive-shortcodes-video.html.twig' --> <div class = 'video-box youtube'> <iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/jdRvQ2r-5L8?showinfo=0&amp;amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/custom/progressive_shortcodes/templates/progressive-shortcodes-video.html.twig' --> <p><strong> Un documentaire très intéressant </strong>qui nous apprend que des milliers de manuscrits se trouvent à Tombouctou. </p><p>L'auteur du documentaire se dit choqué du contenu d'un article du magazine le monde de 2005. Elle qui a toujours été persuadée de l'oralité de la culture Africaine . </p><p>Il s'agit de manuscrits écrits sur du papier datant du 8ème au 19ème siècle. Les savants, érudits et marabouts, qui les détenaient venaient d'Espagne.<em> </em></p><p>À leur arrivée les colons français ont commencé à brûler les bibliothèques, les mosquées et dérober tous ce qu'ils pouvaient comme manuscrits. </p><p>Alors les maliens les ont cachés dans les murs, enterrés dans des coffres.</p><p>Après cette période coloniale, les sages du Nord ont commencé à sortir leurs manuscrits. </p><p>Ils savent dorénavant ce qu'ils contiennent: des traités de médecine d'Avicenne,toute l'histoire du royaume, géographie, politique, mathématique,musique etc ...</p><p>Ils espèrent même y retrouver, les écrits de l'Antiquité grecque et latine ( les humanités classiques), dont ils connaissent l'existence, mais qu'ils ont jamais vu ou retrouvé. </p><p> </p><p>Commentaire personnel:</p><p>Il est cocasse de constater, que les documents qui firent la renaissance européenne, se trouvent en possession des africains.</p><p>Même si nous sommes édifiés sur le fait que les maliens sont des maures et viennent d'Égypte. </p><p>L' empire du Mali,  est fille d'Égypte. </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment--blog.html.twig * field--node--comment.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive_sub/templates/comment/field--comment.html.twig' --> <div class="spacer lg"></div> <section> <ul class="commentlist"> </ul> <div class="spacer lg"></div> <h3 class="title slim"> Laisser un commentaire </h3> <drupal-render-placeholder callback="comment.lazy_builders:renderForm" arguments="0=node&amp;1=215&amp;2=comment&amp;3=comment" token="_K0SWkk4SuZdfZDzrbizBRMcuyDDN8aqptFO9eJZ7Vs"></drupal-render-placeholder> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive_sub/templates/comment/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-auteur--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-auteur.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-auteur.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-auteur field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Auteur</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/208" hreflang="fr">Relief tv </a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-niveau-d-acces--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-niveau-d-acces.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-niveau-d-acces.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-niveau-d-acces field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Niveau d&#039;accès</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/47" hreflang="fr">Privé</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-client--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-client.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig x field--field-client.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field--field-client.html.twig' --> <div> <b>Source(s) de l&#039;article<span class="colon">:</span></b> Internet </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field--field-client.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-rubrique--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-rubrique.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-rubrique.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-rubrique field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Rubrique(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fr/thematique/histoire" hreflang="fr">Histoire</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig x field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div> <b>Étiquettes<span class="colon">:</span></b> <a href="/fr/tags/historique-du-mali" hreflang="fr">Historique du Mali </a> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-type-de-contenu--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-type-de-contenu.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-type-de-contenu.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-type-de-contenu field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type de contenu</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/86" hreflang="fr">Vidéo</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> Sun, 10 Jan 2021 11:16:40 +0000 patrice 215 at https://kolektifkuma.com