https://kolektifkuma.com/fr fr https://kolektifkuma.com/fr/thematique/histoire/anthenor-firmin-biographie <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--blog.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Anthénor FIRMIN Biographie</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-images--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-images.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-images.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-images field--type-image field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/details_articles/public/2020-10/antenor_firmin_0.jpg?itok=g6PYdSZn" width="700" height="523" alt="Antenor Firmin" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--blog.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>Raz&#039;On</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--blog.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Thu, 09/24/2020 - 17:38</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--blog.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Anténor Firmin est un intellectuel, un militant, et un politicien haïtien né le 18 octobre 1850. Il<br />meurt le 19 septembre 1911 à Saint Thomas, dans les Indes occidentales danoises à 60<br />ans.<br /> Activiste résolu pour la cause noire, il se distingue, dans une période peu propice à cet<br />exercice, par la sortie de son livre "de l'égalité des races humaines anthropologie positive"<br />en 1885.<br />Issu d'une famille pauvre de Cap-haitien mais armé d'une volonté exemplaire et d'une<br />mémoire surprenante, c'est à dix-sept ans qu'Anténor Firmin fait ses débuts dans<br />l'enseignement.<br />C'est au barreau du Cap-haitien, en tant qu'avocat diplômé qu'il se singularise par son<br />éloquence aussi captivante que remarquable.<br />Déjà sensible au questionnements relatifs à la hiérarchie des races, Il est à l'initiative de la<br />revue " le messager du Nord".<br />Véritable boulimique de savoir, il se passionne pour la physique, la chimie, l'astronomie, la<br />géologie, la paléontologie, la mécanique, la politique ou encore les sciences. À son panel de<br />connaissance s'ajoute son goût pour les langues telles que le latin, le grec l'italien,<br />l'espagnol, et le français.<br />Le président Forvil Hyppolite le sollicite en tant que ministre des finances en 1889.<br />Il delaissera cette fonction en 1891 pour s'installer à Paris où il sera nommé "Ambassadeur<br />d'Haïti" en 1900.<br />Malgré les différentes tentatives de dissuasions et d'intimidations des USA, l'essai qu'il<br />publie en 1905 "Mr.Roosevelt, président des États-Unis et de la République d'Haïti" secoue<br />le monde de la littérature par sa clairvoyance en anticipant l'arrivée des troupes américaines.<br />Fait avéré par la suite.<br />Un homme brillant, dont ces quelques lignes qui lui appartiennent, illustrent en partie la<br />dimension de ce mémorable personnage :<br />« Homme, je puis disparaître, sans voir poindre à l’horizon national l’aurore d’un jour<br />meilleur. Cependant, même après ma mort, il faudra de deux choses l’une : ou Haïti passe<br />sous une domination étrangère, ou elle adopte résolument les principes au nom desquels<br />j’ai toujours lutté et combattu.<br />Car, au xxe siècle, et dans l’hémisphère occidental, aucun peuple ne peut vivre indéfiniment<br />sous la tyrannie, dans l’injustice, l’ignorance et la misère. »</p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'progressive_shortcodes_video' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/custom/progressive_shortcodes/templates/progressive-shortcodes-video.html.twig' --> <div class = 'video-box youtube'> <iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/fvx4DQGZnPY?showinfo=0&amp;amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/custom/progressive_shortcodes/templates/progressive-shortcodes-video.html.twig' --> <p>Joseph Auguste Anténor Firmin (18 Octobre 1850/19 Septembre 1911) est un grand intellectuel, un avocat, un homme politique et un militant haïtien. Il est l'auteur d'un essai fondamental intitulé "De l'égalité des races humaines, anthropologie positive" publié en 1885. Son œuvre répond à l'essai très méprisant de Arthur de Gobineau sorti 30 ans plus tôt qui tentait notamment à mesurer l'intelligence des "races humaine" en fonction de la taille de la boîte crânienne.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--comment--blog.html.twig * field--node--comment.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig x field--comment.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive_sub/templates/comment/field--comment.html.twig' --> <div class="spacer lg"></div> <section> <h3 class="title slim"> Comments </h3> <ul class="commentlist"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'comment__comment__blog' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * comment--comment--blog.html.twig * comment--comment.html.twig x comment.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive_sub/templates/comment/comment.html.twig' --> <li> <article data-comment-user-id="1" id="comment-183" class="js-comment"> <mark class="hidden" data-comment-timestamp="1621181884"></mark> <div class="comment-reply"> <drupal-render-placeholder callback="comment.lazy_builders:renderLinks" arguments="0=183&amp;1=default&amp;2=fr&amp;3=" token="c8FOrf9qPIWqtprin8zMmYZW3kFcar0xnqYnqZ2Y81o"></drupal-render-placeholder> </div> <div class="meta"> <span>Yeckri</span>, <span class="time">04/30/2024 - 03:05</span> </div> <p></p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--comment--field-comment--comment.html.twig * field--comment--field-comment.html.twig * field--comment--comment.html.twig * field--field-comment.html.twig * field--string-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-comment field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">mon commentaire</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> </article> </li> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive_sub/templates/comment/comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'pager' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/navigation/pager.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/navigation/pager.html.twig' --> </ul> <div class="spacer lg"></div> <h3 class="title slim"> Laisser un commentaire </h3> <drupal-render-placeholder callback="comment.lazy_builders:renderForm" arguments="0=node&amp;1=135&amp;2=comment&amp;3=comment" token="fr1lzdGXCqsVa-XjmIAScNqspWAGARq0Tn_n87Ex5Cg"></drupal-render-placeholder> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive_sub/templates/comment/field--comment.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-auteur--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-auteur.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-auteur.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-auteur field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Auteur</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/91" hreflang="fr">Wikipédia</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-niveau-d-acces--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-niveau-d-acces.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-niveau-d-acces.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-niveau-d-acces field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Niveau d&#039;accès</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/47" hreflang="fr">Privé</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-client--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-client.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig x field--field-client.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field--field-client.html.twig' --> <div> <b>Source(s) de l&#039;article<span class="colon">:</span></b> https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ant%C3%A9nor_Firmin </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field--field-client.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-parcours--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-parcours.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-parcours.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-parcours field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Parcours initiatique</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fr/parcours/les-peres-de-la-renaissance-africaines" hreflang="fr"> Les pères de la renaissance africaines</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-rubrique--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-rubrique.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-rubrique.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-rubrique field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Rubrique(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fr/thematique/histoire" hreflang="fr">Histoire</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tags--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-tags.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig x field--field-tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <div> <b>Étiquettes<span class="colon">:</span></b> <a href="/fr/tags/renaissance-africaine-panafricanisme-personnalites-haitiennes-lien-egypte-afrique" hreflang="fr">Renaissance africaine; panafricanisme; personnalités haïtiennes; Lien Egypte-Afrique</a> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field--field-tags.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-type-de-contenu--blog.html.twig * field--node--field-type-de-contenu.html.twig * field--node--blog.html.twig * field--field-type-de-contenu.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-type-de-contenu field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type de contenu</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/86" hreflang="fr">Vidéo</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/progressive/templates/fields/field.html.twig' --> Thu, 24 Sep 2020 21:38:19 +0000 Raz'On 135 at https://kolektifkuma.com